<<艾賽尼和平福音>>記載的耶穌·基督的素食觀
資料來源：香港素食會《茹素》電子雜誌146期及其他網路資源 作者： 亞蘭文翻譯：艾德蒙德·波爾多·切克裏 時間： 2009-08-08
《艾賽尼和平福音》（The Essene Gospel of Peace）
發現于死海古卷，現存於梵蒂岡圖書館和皇家哈布斯堡王朝圖書館，被認為是耶穌·基督的原始教義。書中包括有關戒食、素食及天使的許多內容。所有這些內容都在西元325年第一次尼西亞公會議之後被從基督教教義中改變或完全刪除。該公會議由君士坦丁大帝召集，制定了強制性的統一信條（後經修訂為《尼西亞信經》）。在此過程中，許多基督教原始的靈性精髓被修改或完全刪除以服務於日漸式微的神聖羅馬帝國的世俗計畫。
關於艾賽尼教派
艾賽尼教派 ( Essenes ) 是西元一世紀巴勒斯坦地區的三大教派之一，耶穌據信曾是集中在 Mount Carmel 的北方團體的成員。艾賽尼教派亦被認為是拿撒勒人，而拿撒勒是他們的一個據點，儘管地名是後來才有的。該教派的成員身著白衣並食素，象基督教僧侶一樣托缽乞討。由於他們戴的白色飾物而被稱為大白兄弟會 ( White Friars )。有趣的是那些現在依然信守 Mount Carmel 時期信條的教派成員公開聲稱耶穌屬於艾賽尼教派，並興起於 Mount Carmel，而艾賽尼教聖經卻不被正統的教堂聖經所接納。
艾賽尼教派主要的聖經是在 1888 年發現並由 Rev. Gideon Jasper Ouseley 從亞拉姆語翻譯過來的“十二門徒福音”。該版本的新約明顯不同於通常的版本，記述耶穌為一個嚴格素食主義者，曾有許多動物聚集在他的周圍：“鳥兒圍繞他飛翔並為他唱著頌歌，其他動物也來到他的腳邊，他喂給他們食物，動物們從他手中吃食。”
關於人類的食物亦有所提及，它們是麵包和葡萄。對於動物，聖經中指出：
“這些是你們的同伴，並同屬於上帝的大家庭。他們都有永恆的生命靈氣，也是你們的弟弟和妹妹。無論是誰給予他們那怕是很少的關愛，給予他們所需的吃的和喝的，都是對我的關愛。”
艾賽尼教派相信所有的生命都是神聖的，都同屬一體，艾賽尼教聖經中的許多段落都提到無限地愛的原則：對上帝，對人類以及對所有生靈：“愛是最重要的事情，愛你們自己以及愛上帝的所有生靈，所有的人都應明白只有這樣做才能算是我的徒弟。”
《艾賽尼和平福音》正文節選（中英對照）
在一條溪流的河床旁，許多病人正在禁食，與神的天使一起祈禱已達七晝夜。他們得到了極大的獎賞，因為他們遵循耶穌的教導。七天過後，所有的痛苦都從他們身上消失了。當太陽從地平線升起時，他們看見耶穌從山上向他們走來，頭上罩著初日的光芒。
And it was by the bed of a stream, many sick fasted and prayed with Gods angels for seven days and seven nights. And great was their reward, because they followed Jesus words. And with the passing of the seventh day, all their pains left them. And when the sun rose over the earths rim they saw Jesus coming towards them from the mountain, with the brightness of the rising sun about his head.
“和平與你們同在。”
"Peace be with you."
他們默默不語，只是俯在他的面前，觸碰他的衣邊，示意他們已經痊癒。
And they said no word at all, but only cast themselves down before him, and touched the hem of his garment in token of their healing.
“不要感激我，應該感激你們的地母，是她把她的醫病天使遣來的。去吧，罪已消失，你們也許再也不會得病了。讓醫病天使成為你們的保護者吧。”
"Give thanks not to me, but to your Earthly Mother, who sent you her healing angels. Go, and sin no more, that you may never again see disease. And let the healing angels become your guardians."
但他們回答他說：“無論我們去哪兒，夫子啊，您永恆生命的教導是什麼？我們必須回避的罪惡是什麼？怎樣我們才永不再生病？”
But they answered him: "Whither should we go, Master, for with you are the words of eternal life? Tell us, what are the sins which we must shun, that we may nevermore see disease?"
耶穌回答說：“根據你們的信念。”他坐到他們中間說：
Jesus answered: "Be it so according to your faith," and he sat down among them, saying:
" 過去有人告訴他們，‘榮耀你的天父和地母，遵守他們的誡命，你在大地上的日子就可以長久。’之後給予了這條誡命：‘你們不可殺生，’因為是神把生命給予了一切，神已給予的，不要讓人奪走。我真實地告訴你們，大地的一切生命都來自同一位母親。因此，殺生的人，就是殺他的兄弟。地母將離開他，把她哺乳的乳房拔出。她的天使們將避開他，撒旦將進入他的身體。在他身體中，動物的肉將成為他自己的墳墓。
"It was said to them of old time, Honor thy Heavenly Father and thy Earthly Mother, and do their commandments, that thy days may be long upon the earth. And next afterward was given this commandment, Thou shalt not kill, for life is given to all by God, and that which God has given, let not man take away. For-I tell you truly, from one Mother proceeds all that lives upon the earth. Therefore, he who kills, kills his brother. And from him will the Earthly Mother turn away, and will pluck from him her quickening breasts. And he will be shunned by her angels, and Satan will have his dwelling in his body. And the flesh of slain beasts in his body will become his own tomb.
我實在地告訴你們，殺生的人殺了他自己。吃被殺動物的肉，是在吃死亡之軀。因為在他的血液中，它們的每一滴血都會變成毒藥。它們的氣味使他的呼吸臭不可聞；它們的肉在他的肉中沸騰；它們的骨頭在他的骨頭中變成白堊；它們的腸子在他的腸子中腐爛；它們的眼睛在他的眼睛中變成翳障；它們的耳朵在他的耳朵中流膿。它們的死亡會變成他的死亡。只有服務你們的天父，你們七年的債才能在七天中得到原諒。但是撒旦卻不會原諒你們，你必須向他付出一切。’ 以眼還眼，以牙還牙，以手還手，以腳還腳；以烙還烙, 以傷還傷；以命償命，以死償死。’罪惡的報酬是死亡。不要殺生。不要吃你的無辜獵物的肉，免得你們成為撒旦的奴僕。因為那是痛苦之路，導致死亡。遵循神的意志，祂的天使們會在生命之途上服務你們。因此，服從神的教導：“看哪, 我將遍地上一切結種子的菜蔬和一切樹上所結有核的果子, 全賜給你們作食物。至於地上的走獸和空中的飛鳥, 並各樣爬在地上有生命的物, 我將青草賜給它們作食物。世上一切會動的、活著的一切的奶是你們的食物，還有我給它們的青草。我把它們的奶給了你們。但使它們成長的肉和血，你們不能吃。流你們血的人，我必討他的罪，因為你們的血中有你們的靈魂；凡殺動物的，殺人的，我必討他的罪。因為我是主，是你的神，是強大、忌邪的神。恨我的, 我必追討他的罪, 自父及子, 直到三、四代。愛我, 守我誡命的, 我必向他們發慈愛, 直到千代。全心、全意、全力愛主，你的神：這是首要的和最大的誡命。”第二條這樣寫道：“愛人如己。”沒有哪個誡命比這些更重要。
For I tell you truly, he who kills, kills himself, and whoso eats the flesh of slain beasts, eats of the body of death. For in his blood every drop of their blood turns to poison; in his breath their breath to stink; in his flesh their flesh to boils; in his bones their bones to chalk; in his bowels their bowels to decay; in his eyes their eyes to scales; in his ears their ears to waxy issue. And their death will become his death. For only in the service of your Heavenly Father are your debts of seven years forgiven in seven clays. But Satan forgives you nothing and you must pay him for all. Eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot; burning for burning, wound for wound; life for life, death for death. For the wages of sin is death. Kill not, neither eat the flesh of your innocent prey, lest you become the slaves of Satan. For that is the path of sufferings, and it leads unto death. But do the will of God, that his angels may serve you on the way of life. Obey, therefore, the words of God: Behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed, which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in the which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for meat. And to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to everything that creepeth upon th e earth, wherein there is breath of life, I give every green herb for meat. Also the milk of every thing that moveth and liveth upon earth shall be meat for you; even as the green herb have I given unto them, so I give their milk unto you. But flesh, and the blood which quickens it, shall ye not eat. And, surely, your spurting blood will I require, your blood wherein is your soul; I will require all slain beasts, and the souls of all slain men. For I the Lord thy God am a God strong and jealous, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; and showing mercy unto thousands -of them that love me, and keep my commandments. Love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy strength: this is the first and greatest commandment. And the second is like unto it: Love thy neighbor as thyself There is none other commandment greater than these."
聽到這些話後，人們默默不語，只有一人嚷道：“夫子，如果我看到一頭野獸在森林裏撕咬我的兄弟，我該怎麼做？我應該讓我的兄弟死去，還是應該殺死那頭野獸？如果這樣，我是不是違反了誡命？”
And after these words they all remained silent, save one, who called out: "What am I to do, Master, if I see a wild beast rend my brother in the forest? Shall I let my brother perish, or kill the wild beast? Shall not I thus transgress the law?"
耶穌回答說：“以前是這麼對它們說的：‘地上所有的走獸，海裏所有的遊魚，空中所有的飛禽都在你的控制之中。’我真實地告訴你們，地上所有動物，只有人是神按照祂的形象造的。因此走獸是為人造的，不是人為走獸造的。因此，如果你為了保護你兄弟的生命而殺死了野獸，你沒有違法。我真實地告訴你們，人勝過走獸。但是如果走獸沒有攻擊行為而毫無原因地殺死走獸，或出於屠宰的貪欲，或為了它的肉，或為了它的皮，或為了它的牙，他就犯下了大罪，因為他自己變成了一頭野獸。他的命運將和野獸一樣。”
And Jesus answered: "It was said to them of old time: "All beasts that move upon the earth, all the fish of the sea, and all the fowl of the air are given into thy power." I tell you truly, of all creatures living upon the earth, God created only man after his image. Wherefore beasts are for man, and not man for beasts. You do not, therefore, transgress the law if you kill the wild beast to save your brothers life. For I tell you truly, man is more than the beast. But he who kills the beast without a cause, though the beast attack him not, through lust for slaughter, or for its flesh, or for its hide, or yet for its tusks, evil is the deed which he does, for he is turned into a wild beast himself. Wherefore is his end also as the end of the wild beasts."
接著另一個人說：“以色列最偉大的人摩西允許我們的祖先吃乾淨動物的肉，只禁止吃不乾淨動物的肉。你為什麼禁止我們吃所有動物的肉？哪個誡命來自神？摩西的，還是你的？”
Then another said: "Moses, the greatest in Israel, suffered our forefathers to eat the flesh of clean beasts, and forbade only the flesh of unclean beasts. Why, therefore, do you forbid us the flesh of all beasts? Which law comes from God? That of Moses, or your law?"
耶穌回答說：“神通過摩西頒給你們的祖先十條誡命。你們的祖先說：‘這些誡命太嚴格了。’他們無法遵守。摩西看到後，憐憫他的人民，使他的人民不致滅絕。於是他給了他們十的十倍條誡命。腳如錫安山一樣強壯的人，不需要拐杖；但羽翼顫抖的人，更加需要拐杖，這比沒有的好。摩西對神說：‘我內心充滿悲哀，因為我的人民要迷失了。因為他們沒有知識，不能明白禰的誡命。他們象孩子一樣，不能明白父親的話。神啊，我給他們其他律法，雖然他們會受苦，但這樣他們不會毀滅。如果他們不能與禰同在，神啊，但不要讓他們反對禰；他們會維持下去，時機成熟時，他們就會接受禰的話，向他們展示禰的律法。’為了這個原因，摩西摔碎了兩塊寫著十誡的石板，另外給了他們十的十倍條誡命，代替原來的誡命。而從這十的十倍條的誡命中，文士和法利賽人又制訂了十的一百倍條誡命。他們給了你無法忍受的重擔，而他們自己卻不承擔。誡命越接近神，我們需要的就越少；它們越遠離神，我們需要的就越多。這就是為什麼文士和法利賽人的律法數不勝數。人子的律法有七部，天使的有三部，而神的只有一部。
And Jesus answered: "God gave, by Moses, ten commandments to your forefathers. These commandments are hard, said your forefathers, and they could not keep them. When Moses saw this, he had compassion on his people, and would not that they perish. And then he gave them ten times ten commandments. For he whose feet are strong as the mountain of Zion, needs no crutches; but he whose limbs do shake, gets further having crutches, than without them. And Moses said to the Lord: My heart is filled with sorrow, for my people will be lost. For they are without knowledge, and are not able to understand thy commandments. They are as little children who cannot yet understand their fathers words. Suffer, Lord, that I give them other laws, that they may not perish. if they may not be with thee, Lord, let them not be against thee; that they may sustain themselves, and when the time has come, and they are ripe for thy words, reveal to hem thy laws. For that did Moses break the two tablets of s tone whereon were written the ten commandments, and he gave them ten times ten in their stead. And of these ten times ten the Scribes and Pharisees have made a hundred times ten commandments. And they have laid unbearable burdens on your shoulders, that they themselves do not carry. For the more nigh are the commandments to God, the less do we need; and the farther they are from God, then the more do we need. Wherefore are the laws of the Pharisees and Scribes innumerable; the laws of the Son of Man seven; of the angels three; and of God one.
“因此，我只教導你們那些你們能夠明白的律法，你們能夠成為人，遵守人子的七部律法。然後，天父的未識天使會把他們的律法顯示給你們，神的聖靈也許會突然降臨於你們，引你們到他的律法。”
"Therefore, I teach you only those laws which you can understand, that you may become men, and follow the seven laws of the Son of Man. Then will the unknown angels of the Heavenly Father also reveal their laws to you, that Gods holy spirit may descend upon you, and lead you to his law."
所有人都為他的智慧而感到驚詫，問他：“繼續，夫子，把所有我們能接受的律法都教給我們。”
And all were astonished at his wisdom, and asked him: "Continue, Master, and teach us all the laws which we can receive."
耶穌繼續說：“神授誡給你們的祖先：‘你們不應殺生。’但是他們鐵石心腸，還是殺生。於是，摩西希望，至少他們不應該殺人，他容忍他們屠宰動物。然而，你們祖先的心腸更加冷硬，人獸齊殺。但我確實說過：既勿殺人，亦勿殺獸，亦不要為了食物進你們的口而殺生。因為如果你們吃活的食物，你們也會加快成為同樣的食物。如果你們屠殺你們的食物，死的食物也會殺死你們。因為生命來自生命，死亡總是導致死亡。因為一切殺死你們的食物的，也會殺死你們的身體。一切殺死你們身體的，也會殺死你們的靈魂。你們的身體就會變成你們的食物，你們的靈就會變成你們的意念。因此，不要吃燒死、凍死、淹死之物，因為被燒的、被凍的、腐爛的食物同樣會使你們的身體被燒、被凍和腐爛。不要象愚蠢的農夫那樣，用煮熟的、冷凍的和腐爛的種子在地裏播種。秋天來到時，地裏顆粒無收。他痛不欲生。要象另外一個農夫那樣，在地裏播下活的種子，地裏結出活的麥穗，比他種下的種子多百倍。我真實地告訴你們，只憑藉生命之火而活，不要用死亡之火準備你們的食物，它會殺死你們的食物，你們的身體和你們的靈魂。”
And Jesus continued: "God commanded your forefathers: Thou shalt not kill. But their heart was hardened and they killed. Then Moses desired that at least they should not kill men, and he suffered them to kill beasts. And then the heart of your forefathers was hardened yet more, and they killed men and beasts likewise. But I do say to you: Kill neither men, nor beasts, nor yet the food which goes into your mouth. For if you eat living food, the same will quicken you, but if you kill your food, the dead food will kill you also. For life comes only from life, and from death comes always death. For everything which kills your foods, kills your bodies also. And everything which kills your bodies kills your souls also. And your bodies become what your foods are, even as your spirits, likewise, become what your thoughts are. Therefore, eat not anything which fire, or frost, or water has destroyed. For burned, frozen and rotted foods will burn, freeze and rot your body also. Be not like the foolish husbandman who sowed in his ground cooked, and frozen, and rotten seeds. And the autumn came, and his fields bore nothing. And great was his distress. But be like that husbandman who sowed in his field living seed, and whose field bore living ears of wheat, paying a hundredfold for the seeds which he planted. For I tell you truly, live only by the fire of life, and prepare not your foods with the fire of death, which kills your foods, your bodies and your souls also."
“夫子，生命之火在哪兒？”有人問。
"Master, where is the fire of life?" asked some of them.
“在你們的裏面，在你們的血裏，在你們的身體裏。”
"In you, in your blood, and in your bodies."
“死亡之火呢？”另外的人問。
"And the fire of death?" asked others.
“ 是在你們體外燃燒的火，比你們的血還要熱。你們用那死亡之火在家中、在地裏燒飯。我真實地告訴你們，它與毀滅你們食物和身體的火是同一種火，甚至象毀壞你們思想的怨恨之火一樣，毀壞你們的靈。因為你們的身體正是你們所吃的，你們的靈正是你們所意念的。因此，不要吃比生命之火還要強的火所殺死的食物。因此，預備和食用所有樹上的果，所有地裏的草，所有動物的奶，這些都適合食用。因為所有這些都是由生命之火所養育和成熟的。所有都是我們地母的天使們的禮物。凡是死亡之火所燒出味道的都不要食用，因為那是撒旦所為。”
"It is the fire which blazes outside your body, which is hotter than your blood. With that fire of death you cook your foods in your homes and in your fields. I tell you truly, it is the same fire which destroys your foods and your bodies, even as the fire of malice, which ravages your thoughts, ravages your spirits. For your body is that which you eat, and your spirit is that which you think. Eat nothing, therefore, which a stronger fire than the fire of life has killed. Wherefore, prepare and eat all fruits of trees, and all grasses of the fields, and afl milk of beasts good for eating. For all these are fed and ripened by the fire of life; all are the gift of the angels of our Earthly Mother. But eat nothing to which only the fire of death gives savor, for such is of Satan."
“因此始終吃來自神的桌子上的食物：樹的果實，田地裏的穀物和草，動物的奶，以及蜂蜜。一切這些之外的都來自撒旦，引至罪惡之路，直到生病、死亡。但你們從神的豐盛的桌子上吃的食物給予你們的身體以力量和年輕，你們永不會得病，因為瑪土撒拉因食用了神的桌子上的食物而長壽。我真實地告訴你們，如果你們如他一般生活，生命之神就會讓你們象他那般長壽。
"So eat always from the table of God: the fruits of the trees, the grain and grasses of the field, the milk of beasts, and the honey of bees. For everything beyond these is of Satan, and leads by the way of sins and of diseases unto death. But the foods which you eat from the abundant table of God give strength and youth to your body, and you will never see diseases For the table of God fed Methuselah of old, and I tell you truly, if you live even as he lived, then will the God of the living give you also long life upon the earth as was his.
“我真實地告訴你們，生命之神比大地上任何富人都要富，他桌子上的食物比大地上所有富人餐桌上最豐富的食物還要豐富。因此，你們一生都應該在我們的地母的桌上吃飯，你們永不會缺少食物。當你們在她的桌上吃飯時，吃光全部，就象在地母桌子上發現的一樣。不要煮，也不要把所有的東西混在一起，免得你們的腸胃成為冒氣的沼澤。我真實地告訴你們，神討厭看到這個。
"For I tell you truly, the God of the living is richer than all the rich of the earth, and his abundant table is richer than the richest table of feasting of all the rich upon the earth. Eat, therefore, all your life at the table of our Earthly Mother, and you will never see want. And when you eat at her table, eat all things even as they are found on the table of the Earthly Mother. Cook not, neither mix all things one with another, lest your bowels become as steaming bogs. For I tell you truly, this is abominable in the eyes of the Lord.
“因此，小心不要讓所有的討厭之物污染了你們身體的廟宇。兩三種食物足矣，你們可以經常在我們的地母桌上發現。不要想著把你周邊的東西都狼吞虎嚥掉。我真實地告訴你們，如果你把所有的食物都混著吃進肚子裏，你們身體中的平靜就會停止，無止境的戰爭就會在你的身體裏開仗。如同分裂的家庭和王國攻擊自己，毀滅自己。因為你們的神是和平之神，從不幫助分裂。不要違背自己而惹神憤怒，免得他把你們從他桌旁趕走，免得你們被迫去撒旦的桌子旁，那裏罪惡之火，疾病之火和死亡之火將使你們的身體墮落。”
"Take heed, therefore, and defile not with all kinds of abominations the temple of your bodies. Be content with two or three sorts of food, which you will find always upon the table of our Earthly Mother. And desire not to devour all things which you see around you. For I tell you truly, if you mix together all sorts of food in your body, then the peace of your body will cease, and endless war will rage in you. And it will be blotted out even as homes and kingdoms divided against themselves work their own destruction. For your God is the God of peace, and does never help division. Arouse not, therefore, against you the wrath of God, lest he drive you from his table, and lest you be compelled to go to the table of Satan, where the fire of sins, diseases, and death will corrupt your body.
（中文翻譯：晨鶴）
